1. AT4 WEAPON CONTRACT
Swedish defence major Saab’s AT4 anti-armour weapon had been selected by the Indian Army and the Indian Air Force through a competitive programme for a single-shot weapon.
About:
- The Indian armed forces are a new customer for AT4. This order includes the AT4CS AST, which can be fired from confined spaces such as from inside buildings, bunkers and other urban environments. It weighs around 9 kg and has an effective range of 200 m.
- The AT4 systems are combat-proven across the world. They are lightweight, single-shot, fully disposable and truly characterised by its ease of use and handling.
- The AT4CS AST offered a tandem warhead with a breach or blast mode, which was optimised to defeat enemies within buildings and to destroy structures, which could create a point of access into them.
- Operated by a single soldier, this single-shot system had proven efficacy against structures, landing craft, helicopters, armoured vehicles and personnel.
Source: The Hindu
2. STATE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AGENCIES (SEIAA)
A proposal by the Union Environment Ministry to “rank” and “incentivise” States on how quickly they could give environmental clearances to proposed infrastructure projects has drawn fire from environmentalists on the grounds that it contravenes basic principles of environmental regulation.
About:
- A note to States by the Union Environment Ministry on January 17 spells out seven criteria to rate State Environmental Impact Assessment Agencies (SEIAA) on “transparency, efficiency and accountability”.
- On a scale of seven, a SEIAA, for instance, gets two marks for granting a clearance in less than 80 days, one mark for within 105 days and no marks for more.
- If less than 10% of the projects for scrutiny prompted a site visit by committee members, to examine ground conditions, a SEIAA would get one mark.
- More than 20%, on the other hand, would be a demerit or zero marks. SEIAA with a score of seven or more would be rated ‘five star.’
- Ministry officials said that the ranking criteria was not intended to accelerate the speed with which clearances were accorded but to encourage the SEIAA to take quicker decisions on approving or rejecting a project, and adhere to timelines already specified by the provisions of the Act.
- The project appraisal process is an online process where aspirant companies must upload documents on a portal called Parivesh.
Source: The Hindu
3. KERALA BIRD ATLAS (KBA)
The Kerala Bird Atlas (KBA), the first-of-its-kind State-level bird atlas in India, has created solid baseline data about the distribution and abundance of bird species across all major habitats, giving an impetus to futuristic studies.
About:
- Conducted as a citizen science-driven exercise with the participation of over 1,000 volunteers of the birdwatching community, the KBA has been prepared based on systematic surveys held twice over 60 days a year during the wet (July to September) and dry (January to March) seasons between 2015 and 2020.
- The KBA accounts for nearly three lakh records of 361 species, including 94 very rare species, 103 rare species, 110 common species, 44 very common species, and 10 most abundant species.
- It is arguably Asia’s largest bird atlas in terms of geographical extent, sampling effort and species coverage derived from the aggregation of 25,000 checklists.
- It was found that the species count was higher during the dry season than in the wet season while species richness and evenness were higher in the northern and central districts than in the southern districts.
- Most of the endemics were concentrated in the Western Ghats while the threatened species were mostly along the coast.
- The survey ignored the short duration passage of migrant species.
Source: The Hindu
4. GANODERMA
Researchers from Kerala have identified two new species of fungi from the genus Ganoderma that are associated with coconut stem rot.
About:
- They have also genotyped the two fungi species, named Ganoderma keralense and G. pseudoapplanatum and identified genetic biomarkers.
- The DNA barcodes have been made publicly available in DNA sequence repositories so that future studies can use it for early detection of the pathogen. The research was published in the journal Mycologia.
- The butt rot or basal stem rot of coconut is known by several names in different parts of India: Ganoderma wilt (Andhra Pradesh), Anaberoga (Karnataka) and Thanjavur wilt (Tamil Nadu), to mention a few.
- The infection begins at the roots, but symptoms include discolouration and rotting of stem and leaves. In the later stages, flowering and nut set decreases and finally the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) dies.
Source: The Hindu
5. SELA TUNNEL PROJECT
The final blast for the 980-metre long Sela Tunnel (Tunnel 1) was conducted by Director General Border Roads (DGBR). This marks the culmination of the excavation works on the complete Sela Tunnel Project.
About:
- The Sela Tunnel Project is located in the West Kameng District of Arunachal Pradesh.
- Once completed, it will be a lifeline as it will provide all weather connectivity to Tawang.
- The project comprises of Tunnel 1, which is a 980 m long single tube tunnel and Tunnel 2, which is a 1555 m long twin tube tunnel.
- Tunnel 2 has one bi-lane tube for traffic and one escape tube for emergencies.
- It will also be one of the longest tunnels to have been constructed above altitude of 13,000 feet.
- The project also includes construction of an approach road of seven kilometres to Tunnel 1, which takes off from BCT Road and a link road of 1.3 kilometres, which connects Tunnel 1 to Tunnel 2.
- The foundation stone of the Sela Tunnel Project was laid by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi in 2019.
Source : PIB
6. THIRU R. NAGASWAMY
The Prime Minister Narendra Modi has expressed sorrow on the demise of eminent archaeologist Thiru R. Nagaswamy. The Prime recalled his contribution towards popularising the vibrant culture of Tamil Nadu.
About:
- Ramachandran Nagaswamy (1930 – 2022) was an Indian historian, archaeologist and epigraphist who was known for his work on temple inscriptions and art history of Tamil Nadu.
- He served as a Director of the Tamil Nadu Archaeology Department.
- He was also instrumental in starting the annual Chidambaram Natyanjali festival in 1980.
- He was an authority in Chola Bronzes.
- He was awarded India's third highest civilian award the Padma Bhushan in 2018.
Source : PIB
7. GHERKINS
India has emerged as the largest exporter of gherkins in the world.
About:
- India has crossed the USD 200 million mark of export of agricultural processed product, - pickling cucumber, which is globally referred as gherkins or cornichons, in the last financial year.
- Gherkins are exported under two categories -- cucumbers and gherkins, which are prepared and preserved by vinegar or acetic acid and cucumbers and gherkins, which are provisionally preserved.
- Gherkin cultivation, processing and exports started in India during the early 1990s with a modest beginning in Karnataka and later extended to the neighbouring states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.
- Nearly 15% production of the world’s gherkin requirement is grown in India.
- Gherkins is currently exported to more than 20 countries, with major destinations being North America, European countries and Oceanic countries such as USA, France, Germany, Australia, Spain, South Korea, Canada, Japan, Belgium, Russia, China, Sri Lanka and Israel.
- Apart from its export potential, the gherkin industry plays a key role in the creation of rural employment. In India, cultivation of gherkins is carried out under contract farming by around 90,000 small and marginal farmers with an annual production area of 65,000 acres.
Source : PIB
8. UMANG RANGOLI UTSAV
Ministry of Culture is organizing a rangoli making event ‘Umang Rangoli Utsav’ on 24th January 2022.
About:
- The day is celebrated as ‘National Girl Child Day’ every year and to commemorate the day this year, a nationwide event celebrating the Girl Child is being organized under Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav celebrations.
- In the event, it is proposed that the participating teams will make Rangoli decorations for about one kilometer of length on the roads and squares that have been named after the female freedom fighters or the female role models of the country.
- The rangoli decorations are being done at more than 50 locations across the country.
Source : PIB
9. BHANDARI COMMUNITY
The Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) has named a 45-year-old political debutant Amit Palekar as its Chief Ministerial candidate in the 14 February Goa Assembly elections.
About:
- A lawyer-turned-politician, Palekar belongs to the Bhandari community, which is Goa’s largest caste group constituting a significant percentage of its Hindu population.
- The Bhandari community’s traditional occupation was toddy-tapping and distilling, farm tilling and working in orchards. It is placed in the Other Backward Class (OBC) category in Goa.
- The community is spread across Goa and Maharashtra’s Konkan belt including parts of Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg.
Source : Indian Express
10. NON-FUNGIBLE TOKENS (NFTs)
French luxury fashion brand Hermès is suing American digital artist Mason Rothschild who created the MetaBirkins series of NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens), a rapidly growing part of the cryptoworld.
About:
- An NFT is a unique, irreplaceable token that can be used to prove ownership of digital assets such as music, artwork, even tweets and memes.
- The term ‘non-fungible’ simply means that each token is different as opposed to a fungible currency such as money (a ten-rupee note can be exchanged for another and so on).
- Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum are also fungible, which means that one Bitcoin can be exchanged for another. But an NFT cannot be exchanged for another NFT because the two are different and therefore unique. Each token has a different value, depending on which asset it represents.
- NFT transactions are recorded on blockchains, which is a digital public ledger, with most NFTs being a part of the Ethereum blockchain. NFTs became popular in 2021, when they were beginning to be seen by artists as a convenient way to monetise their work.
Important Info :
What are the other reasons for which NFTs are in high demand?
- One of the other attractions is that NFTs are a part of a new kind of financial system called decentralised finance (DeFi), which does away with the involvement of institutions such as banks.
- For this reason, decentralised finance is seen as a more democratic financial system because it makes access to capital easier for lay people by essentially eliminating the role of banks and other associated institutions.