About Global One-Stop Centres:
- These centres aim to provide comprehensive assistance to women in vulnerable situations, addressing their immediate needs and offering critical support.
- Out of the nine proposed OSCs, seven will include shelter homes and will be set up in Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, the UAE, and Saudi Arabia (with centres in both Jeddah and Riyadh).
- The remaining two centres, located in Toronto and Singapore, will operate without shelter home facilities.
- To facilitate the rollout of these initiatives, the Ministry of External Affairs has opened a dedicated budget line for these missions.
- The Indian Community Welfare Fund (ICWF) will play a vital role in extending welfare measures to distressed Indian nationals, particularly women.
- The ICWF has significantly expanded its scope to address a wide range of issues faced by overseas Indians.
- The fund now covers emergency assistance such as boarding and lodging, air travel for those stranded, legal aid, medical care, and the repatriation of mortal remains.
- The ICWF guidelines include specific provisions for legal assistance and counselling for women abandoned by their overseas Indian or foreign spouses.
- Legal panels have also been established in countries with large Indian diasporas to provide timely and efficient support.
- In cases involving minor legal infractions, the fund allows for the payment of fines to secure the release of Indian nationals.
2. Nazca Lines
About Nazca Lines:
- Nazca Lines are a group of geoglyphs, or large designs made on the ground by creators using elements of the landscape such as stones, gravel, dirt or lumber.
- These are located in the arid Peruvian coastal plain, some 400 km south of Lima.
- The Nazca Lines were discovered by hikers in the mid 1920s and later on Peruvian archaeologist Toribio Mejia Xesspe studied them systematically in 1926.
- These are believed to be the greatest known archaeological enigma, owing to their size, continuity, nature and quality.
- They depict creatures from both the natural world and the human imagination.
- They include animals such as the spider, hummingbird, monkey, lizard, pelican and even a killer whale. Ancient artisans also depicted plants, trees, flowers and oddly shaped fantastic figures, as well as geometric motifs, such as wavy lines, triangles, spirals and rectangles.
- The vast majority of the lines date from 200 B.C. to A.D. 500, to a time when a people referred to as the Nazca inhabited the region.
- The earliest lines, created with piled up stones, date as far back as 500 B.C.
- The Lines were declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1994.
What are Geoglypgs?
- Geoglyphs are motifs created on the ground by manipulating surface stones, soil, or gravel.
3. High Risk Food
About High Risk Food:
- Food products that come under the “High Risk” category are subjected to mandatory risk-based inspections.
- They include dairy, meat, fish egg, and food items intended for nutritional use, prepared food, Indian sweets and nutrients, and related preparations such as fortified rice kernel.
- In its order, the FSSAI has made amendments in its Risk-Based Inspection Policy to include the packaged drinking water and mineral water categories.
- This means that these products will now be subject to mandatory inspections and third-party audits.
- All centrally licensed manufacturers under high-risk food categories shall get their businesses audited annually.
- This aims to improve the safety and quality standards of these products for consumers.
- Previously, the packaged drinking water industry had called for simplified regulations, requesting the removal of dual certification requirements from both BIS and FSSAI.
Key Facts about the FSSAI
- It is an autonomous body established under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India.
- The FSSAI has been established under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006.
- Functions
- It is responsible for protecting and promoting public health through the regulation and supervision of food safety.
- It lays down standards and guidelines in relation to articles of food, and provides for licensing, registration, and accreditation for food business operators.
- It directly monitors compliance of food regulations, especially in the area of food imports to India.
- It is also responsible for the accreditation of food testing laboratoriesthroughout India.
- It is responsible for the Food Certification in India.
4. Asia-Oceania Meteorological Satellite Users' Conference
About Asia-Oceania Meteorological Satellite Users' Conference (AOMSUC):
- The first AOMSUC was held in Beijing, China, in 2010. Since then, it has been hosted annually in various locations across Asia-Oceania.
- The AOMSUC has become a premier event for meteorologists, earth scientists, satellite operators, and students from across the region and the globe.
- This year’s conference is hosted by the India Meteorological Department (IMD), Ministry of Earth Sciences, and it will feature high-quality oral and poster presentations, panel discussions, and a training workshop focused on applying current satellite data for meteorological and climatologically applications.
- The conference aims to:
- Promote the importance of satellite observations
- Advance satellite remote sensing science
- Provide a platform for dialogue and collaboration between satellite operators and users
- Inform the community about the current status and future plans of international space programs
- Encourage the development of new technologies for weather satellite sensing
- Engage young scientists in the field
5. Exercise Harimau Shakti
About Exercise Harimau Shakti:
- It is a joint military exercise conducted between India and Malaysia.
- Indian contingent comprising personnel is being represented by a Battalion of MAHAR Regiment.
- It is an annual training event conducted alternatively in India and Malaysia. Last edition was conducted in November 2023 at Umroi Cantonment in Meghalaya, India.
- Aim of the Joint Exercise is to enhance joint military capability of both sides to undertake counter insurgency operations in jungle terrain under Chapter VII of the United Nations Mandate. The exercise will focus on operations in the jungle environment.
- The 2024 exercise will be conducted in two phases.
- The first phase will be focused on cross training between both the Armies including lectures, demonstrations, and practices of various drills in jungle terrain.
- In the final phase both the Armies will take active part in a simulated exercise, wherein troops will execute various drills including Anti-MT Ambush, Occupation of Harbour, Carrying out Recce Patrol, Ambush and an Attack on area taken over by the terrorists.
- Significance: It will enable both sides to share best practices in Tactics, Techniques and Procedures of conducting joint operations. It will facilitate developing inter-operability, bonhomie and camaraderie between the two armies.
6. Jim Corbett National Park
About Jim Corbett National Park:
- It is located at the foothills of the Himalayas in the Nainital district of Uttarakhand.
- It is the first national park of India, established in 1936. It was named Hailey National Park then.
- In 1957, the park was rechristened Corbett National Park in memory of the late Jim Corbett, a great naturalist and eminent conservationist.
- Known for housing the endangered Bengal tiger, Corbett National Park is part of the larger Corbett Tiger Reserve.
- It was the first place where Project Tiger was launched in 1973.
- The park is spread over an area of more than 500 sq.km.
- The park encompasses the Patli Dun valley formed by the Ramganga river.
- The terrain is undulating with several valleys. The rivers Ramganga, Pallaen, and Sonanadiflow through the valleys.
- Flora:
- In general, the vegetation comprises sal and mixed forests, interspersed with grasslands and riparian vegetation.
- The grasslandsare locally known as ‘Chaur’, which are an outcome of abandoned settlements or past clearings.
- Evergreen Sal and its combined trees, the Sheesham and the Kanju, are found extensively on the ridges.
- One plant, (actually a weed), which is a major irritant to the reserve authorities and is widespread in the jungle, is the
- Fauna: Tigers and elephantsare the charismatic mammals, besides a large array of co-predators (leopards, small carnivores), ungulates (sambar, hog deer, spotted deer), birds, reptiles (gharials, crocodiles), and fishes.
7. What is National Housing Bank (NHB)?
About National Housing Bank (NHB):
- It is an apex agency established to promote housing finance companies (HFCs) in India.
- It is an All-India Financial Institution (AIFl) wholly owned by the Government of India (GoI).
- It supervises HFCs, while regulation of HFCs is with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
- Formation:
- The National Housing Policy, 1988, envisaged the setting up of NHB as the apex-level institution for housing.
- In pursuance of the above, NHB was set up on July 9, 1988, under the National Housing Bank Act, 1987.
- RBI contributed the entire paid-up capital.
- The broad functions of NHB as a part of its objective of building a strong, healthy, cost-effective, and viable Housing Finance System include:
- Supervision and grievance redressal regarding HFCs
- Financing
- Promotion and Development.
- NHB RESIDEX: It is the country’s first official housing price index (HPI). It captures movements in the prices of residential real estate prices.
8. Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation (PRAGATI) platform
About PRAGATI platform:
- It is a multi-purpose and multi-modal platform that is aimed at addressing common man’s grievances and simultaneously monitoring and reviewing important programmes and projects of the Government of India as well as projects flagged by State Governments.
- It is also a robust system for bringing e-transparency and e-accountability with real-time presence and exchange among the key stakeholders.
- The platform was launched on March 25, 2015.
- It is a three-tier system (PMO, Union Government Secretaries, and Chief Secretaries of the States).
- The Prime Minister holds a monthly programme interacting with the Government of India Secretaries and Chief Secretaries through video-conferencing enabled by data and geo-informatics visuals.
- The system has been designed in-house by the PMO team with the help of the National Informatics Center (NIC).
- The PRAGATI platform uniquely bundles three latest technologies: Digital data management, video conferencing, and geospatial technology.
9. What is Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CPA)?
About Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CPA):
- It is a fungal infection of the lungs, caused by Aspergillus, a common type of mold.
- Aspergillus is commonly found in households, workplaces, and public spaces, as well as in outdoor areas.
- People who have chronic lung conditions, such as emphysema, bronchitis, or tuberculosis, are most at risk of developing CPA.
- CPA is not contagious. It cannot be passed from person to person.
- Symptoms: CPA doesn’t always cause symptoms in the early stages. When symptoms do occur, they can vary from person to person. The most common symptom of CPA is coughing up blood. Other symptoms can include:
- unintentional weight loss
- fatigue
- shortness of breath
- wheezing
- Treatment:
- For most people, CPA is a lifelong condition, and long-term management is needed. However, for a small number of people, CPA may sometimes resolve completely.
- Antifungal medicationsare the most common treatment for CPA.
- Surgery is an option to remove the fungal mass. This is done when CPA causes bleeding in the lungs.