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9 JULY 2022 DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS | UPSC CDS CAPF AFCAT NDA SSB

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Written by NDI EDITOR

Jul 09 2022

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9 JULY 2022 DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS | UPSC CDS CAPF AFCAT NDA SSB
1. SHINZO ABE
Former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, Japan’s longest-serving leader, died after being shot while campaigning for a parliamentary election.

About:

  • The assassin was identified by the Japanese media as Tetsuya Yamagami, a 41-year-old, who was an ex-marine in Japan’s self-defence forces. It was the first assassination of a sitting or former Japanese Premier since the days of pre-war militarism in the 1930s.
  • Abe — one of the most consequential leaders of Japan in its post-war history — was the country’s longest serving Prime Minister, having served two terms from 2006 to 2007 and then from 2012 to 2020.

Transformation in India-Japan ties

  • During his first stint in 2006-07, Abe visited India and addressed Parliament. During his second stint he visited India thrice: in January 2014, December 2015, and September 2017. No other Prime Minister of Japan has made so many visits to India.
  • He was the first Japanese PM to be Chief Guest at the Republic Day parade in 2014.
  • PM Modi and Abe agreed to upgrade the bilateral relationship to “Special Strategic and Global Partnership”. The relationship grew and encompassed issues from civilian nuclear energy to maritime security, bullet trains to quality infrastructure, Act East policy to Indo-Pacific strategy. 
Source : The Hindu
2. MONUMENTS OF NATIONAL IMPORTANCE
National Monuments Authority has recommended two sites associated with architect of the Indian Constitution Babsaheb Ambedkar to be declared as Monuments of National importance.

About:

  • Culture Ministry said, Sankalp Bhumi Banyan tree campus in Vadodara, where Dr. Ambedkar had taken a resolve to eradicate untouchability on 23th September, 1917 be declared as Monument of National Importance.
  • This place is more than hundred years old and a witness to the beginning of social respect revolution heralded by Dr. Ambedkar.
  • The National Monuments Authority has also recommended a place in Satara in Maharashtra where Dr Ambedkar received his primary education in Pratap Rao Bhosle High School to be declared as monument of National importance. 
3. PASMANDA MUSLIMS
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has asked the BJP national executive in Hyderabad to reach out to “deprived and downtrodden sections” in communities other than Hindus, which includes groups such as Pasmanda Muslims in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.

About:

  • A Persian word, ‘Pasmanda’, means the ‘ones left behind’, and is used to describe depressed classes among the Muslims, while underlining their deliberate or conscious exclusion.
  • Pasmanda has become an umbrella identity used by backward, Dalit, and tribal Muslims to push back against caste-based discrimination against them within the community.
  • The term ‘Pasmanda Muslims’ was first used in 1998 by Ali Anwar Ansari when he founded the Pasmanda Muslim Mahaz. The Sachar Committee in its report put the number of OBC and SC/ST Muslims at 40% (all India 2004-05).

Are Muslims divided along caste lines?

  • Muslim society in India consists of several status groups or biradaris that are broadly sorted in three categories: the Ashrafs (the ‘noble’ elite or the ‘honourable ones’), the Ajlafs (backward Muslims), and the Arzals (Dalit Muslims).
  • While Islam does not mandate the creation of such groups, these caste categories are a lived reality for Muslims across the country.
4. G-20 COUNTRIES
The 17th G20 Heads of State and Government Summit will happen in November in Bali, Indonesia. After Indonesia, India will assume the presidency of G20 from December 2022.

About:

  • The G20 was formed in 1999 in the backdrop of the financial crisis of the late 1990s that hit East Asia and Southeast Asia in particular.
  • Its aim was to secure global financial stability by involving middle-income countries.
  • The first G20 Summit took place in 2008 in Washington DC, US.

Members

  • Its prominent members are: Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Japan, Republic of Korea, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the UK, the US, and the EU. Spain is invited as a permanent guest.
  • Together, the G20 countries include 60 per cent of the world’s population, 80 per cent of global GDP, and 75 per cent of global trade.

Troika

  • The presidency of the G20 rotates every year among members, and the country holding the presidency, together with the previous and next presidency-holder, forms the ‘Troika’ to ensure continuity of the G20 agenda. Italy, Indonesia, and India are the Troika countries right now.

How does the G20 work?

  • The G20 has no permanent secretariat. The agenda and work are coordinated by representatives of the G20 countries, known as ‘Sherpas’, who work together with the finance ministers and governors of the central banks. India recently said ex-NITI Aayog CEO Amitabh Kant would be the G20 Sherpa after Piyush Goyal. 
5. GHANA
Hundreds took to the streets of Ghana’s capital Accra last week to protest over its deteriorating economy. Days later, the government of Ghana announced it would begin formal talks with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for support.

About:

  • Ghana is a country in West Africa. It abuts the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, sharing borders with Ivory Coast in the west, Burkina Faso in north, and Togo in the east.
  • The capital is Accra. Ghana is the second-most populous country in West Africa, after Nigeria.
  • Ghana is a member of the Non-Aligned Movement, the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Group of 24 (G24) and the Commonwealth of Nations.
6. EXCISE DUTY ON AVIATION TURBINE FUEL (ATF)
The Finance Ministry has exempted domestic carriers from paying 11% basic excise duty on aviation turbine fuel (ATF) when it is used to refuel aircraft for international flights, thus restoring parity with foreign carriers.

About:

  • In a clarification, the Ministry said the special additional duty on exports for ATF would not apply “when such goods are cleared for exports or supplied as fuel to foreign-going aircraft”.
  • Domestic airlines had demanded the rollback of the duty after Indian Oil Corp. started levying 11% basic excise duty on ATF used to fuel aircraft operating international flights following the government notification imposing the special additional duty on the export of petroleum products, including ATF, starting July 1. 
Source : The Hindu
7. KHASI HILLS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT COUNCIL (KHADC)
A tribal council in Meghalaya has called for a meeting of traditional heads to revisit the Instrument of Accession, that made the Khasi domain a part of the Indian Union seven decades ago.

About:

  • Meghalaya is divided into three regions dominated by as many matrilineal communities — the Khasis, Garos and Jaintias. The Khasi hills straddle 25 Himas or States that formed the Federation of Khasi States.
  • Titosstarwell Chyne, the chief executive member of the Khasi Hills Autonomous District Council (KHADC) agreed that the Instrument of Accession and Annexed Agreement signed with the Dominion of India between December 15, 1947 and March 19, 1948, should be studied.
  • The treaty was signed by Governor General of India, Chakravarti Rajagopalachari, on August 17, 1948. 
Source : The Hindu
8. POLAVARAM IRRIGATION PROJECT
The Polavaram irrigation project across the Godavari in Andhra Pradesh has been receiving huge inflows of flood waters owing to heavy rain in Maharashtra in the past few days.

About:

  • The Polavaram Project is an under construction multi-purpose irrigation project on the Godavari River in the Eluru District and East Godavari District in Andhra Pradesh.
  • The project has been accorded National project status by the Union Government of India.
  • Its reservoir back water spreads up to the Dummugudem Anicut (i.e. approx 150 km back from Polavaram dam on main river side) and approx 115 km on Sabari River side.
  • Thus back water spreads into parts of Chhattisgarh and Odisha States.
  • It gives major boost to tourism sector in Godavari Districts as the reservoir covers the famous Papikonda National Park. 
Source : The Hindu
9. DEFENCE EXPORTS
India’s defence exports for 2021-22 were estimated at ₹13,000 crore, the highest ever, the Defence Ministry said.

About:

  • The U.S. was a major buyer, as also nations in Southeast Asia, West Asia and Africa.
  • The private sector accounted for 70% of the exports, while public sector firms accounted for the rest. Earlier, the private sector used to account for 90% but now the share of defence public sector units had gone up.
  • While India’s defence imports from the U.S. have gone up significantly in recent years, Indian companies have been increasingly becoming part of the supply chains of U.S. defence companies.
  • In January, India signed a $374.96-million deal with the Philippines, its single biggest defence export order, for the supply of three batteries of shore-based anti-ship variant of the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile. 
Source : The Hindu
10. CAATSA
On July 7, US Democratic Representative Ro Khanna said the US government must not impose sanctions on India under the Countering America’s Adversaries through Sanctions Act (CAATSA) for its purchase of S-400 missile weapons system from Russia.

About:

  • The Biden administration has not yet issued a clear statement on whether India might be subjected to sanctions under CAATSA, even as India began receiving the weapons from Russia in late 2021.
  • CAATSA is a law that came into effect in the US in 2017, meant to punish countries having deep engagements with Russia, North Korea, and Iran using economic sanctions. It said countries having a “significant transaction” with Russian intelligence and military agents will be subject to at least five kinds of sanctions.
  • Why did the US enact a law like CAATSA? The US flagged issues of Russia’s alleged interference in the 2016 Presidential elections, and its role in the Syrian war as some of the reasons for punishing engagement with it.
  • India has purchased the S-400 Triumf missile systems, which have advanced capabilities to judge the distance from a target and launch a surface-to-air missile attack.
  • However, the application of CAATSA is not limited to the S-400, and may include other joint ventures for manufacturing or developing weapons in the future, or any other kinds of major deals with Russia.
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Written by NDI EDITOR

National Defence Institute's Editor

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