28 May 2024 Daily Current Affairs 

About Zero Debris Charter:

• It is an initiative of the European Space Agency (ESA) unveiled at the ESA Space Summit in Seville meeting in November 2023.
• The Charter comes after ESA Member States encouraged the agency to implement “a Zero Debris approach for its missions and to encourage partners and other actors to pursue similar paths”.
• It is the first initiative of its kind to bring together the largest array and variety of space actors around the world with the joint goal of creating no more debris by 2030 and making possible the long-term sustainability of space activities.
• It aims to combine far-reaching guiding principles and highly ambitious yet realistic technical targets on which to build an ambitious Zero Debris roadmap, driving global space debris mitigation and remediation efforts.
• The charter is a non-legally binding agreement, but it fosters a community of proactive actors working collectively towards jointly defined targets for 2030. 

The charter sets out a number of targets, including that a mission’s probability of generating space debris should remain below 1 in 1,000 per object.

• It also sets a target of 99% success for post-mission disposal, including through external means when necessary. It encourages transparent information sharing and space traffic coordination.
• To implement the Charter, the ESA will focus on developing ground-breaking technologies for satellite end-of-life disposal, in-orbit servicing and active debris removal.
• In addition, ESA will work hand-in-hand with institutions in charge of regulatory aspects.

About Nyishi Tribe:

• The Nyishi are the largest ethnic group in Arunachal Pradesh.
• In Nishi, their traditional language, Nyi refers to “a man” and the word shi denotes “a being”, which combined together refers to a civilized human being. 
  • The Nyishi language belongs to the Sino-Tibetan family; however, its origin is disputed.
• Geographical Distribution:
  • They are concentrated in eight districts of Arunachal Pradesh, East Kameng, Pakke Kesang, Papum Pare, Lower Subansiri, Kamle, Kra Daadi, Kurung Kumey and Upper Subansiri.
  • They also live in Sonitpur and the North Lakhimpur district of Assam.
• Their population of around 300,000 makes them the most populous tribe in Arunachal Pradesh, closely followed by the combined tribes of the Adis and the Galos, who were the most populous in the 2001 census.
• The Nyishi support themselves with slash-and-burn agricultureand hunting and fishing. 
• Along with agriculture and allied activities, the Nyishis are experts in handicrafts such as weaving, cane and bamboo works, pottery, blacksmithing, wood carving, carpentry, etc.
• Religion:
  • According to the 2011 Census, Nyishi follows Christian (31%), Hinduism (29%), and many still follow the indigenous Donyi Polo.
    • Donyi means the Sun, and Polo means the Moon, which are revered as the Ayu Donyi (Great Mother Sun) and Atu Polu (Great Father Moon).
• Festivals:
  • The Nyishi celebrates three major festivals, namely, Boori-Boot (February), Nyokum (February) and Longte (April).
  • They celebrate and please the gods and goddesses for a good harvest, health, wealth and prosperity.
• Polygyny is prevalent among the Nyishi.
• They trace their descent patrilineally and are divided into several clans.
• One striking feature of Nyishi society is that it is neither based on a caste system nor stratified into classes, except for a loose type of social distinction which is not determined by birth or occupation. 
• Nyishis consider women the source of peace, progress and prosperity. According to them, the importance status of women increases and binds through an established ‘reciprocal marital exchange’ system in the society.