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06 June 2023 Daily Defence Exam Current Affairs | UPSC CDS CAPF NDA AFCAT SSB Interview

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Written by NDI EDITOR

Jun 06 2023

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06 June 2023 Daily Defence Exam Current Affairs | UPSC CDS CAPF NDA AFCAT SSB Interview
1. Lavender Festival
Recently, the Union Minister of Science & Technology inaugurated the Lavender festival at Bhaderwah in the Jammu region.

About Lavender Festival:

  • It is the 2nd year of the lavender revolution. Bhaderwah has emerged as the Lavender capital of India and an Agri StartUp destination.
  • The Council of Scientific & Industrial Research- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM) in supporting farmers in the cultivation of Lavender in the Bhaderwah, Doda district, J&K under CSIR-Aroma Mission.

Key facts about CSIR-Aroma Mission:

  • It is a flagship project of CSIR under which Lavender cultivation is being promoted in the temperate regions of J&K.
  • It was launched under the Ministry of Science and Technology.
  • The project aims to increase the income of small and marginal farmers and develop agriculture-based Startups.

What is Lavender?

  • It is a flowering plant in the mint family that’s easily identified by its sweet floral scent.
  • It’s believed to be native to the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and India.
Source : Bhaderwah has emerged as the Lavender capital of India and Agri StartUp destination, says Union Minister Dr Jitendra Singh
 
2. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending
After digital payments and digital lending, the Reserve Bank of India is looking closely at platforms that facilitate direct, or peer-to-peer (P2P), lending between individuals.

About Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending:

  • It is done through a website that connects borrowers and lenders directly.
  • Those who want to lend money, open an account with a P2P platform as a lender. And those who require a loan register themselves as a borrower.
  • It enables individuals to obtain loans directly from other individuals, cutting out the financial institution as the middleman.
  • In 2017, the Reserve Bank of India brought this service under its regulatory purview.
  • Only an NBFC can register as a P2P lender with the permission of RBI. Every P2P lender should obtain a certificate of registration from the RBI.
  • The minimum capital requirement to set up a P2P platform is fixed at Rs. 2 Crores.
Source : After online payments, digital loans, now P2P lending under the RBI lens
 
3. District Legal Services Authority (DLSA)
Recently, under the Department of Justice's (Ministry of Law and Justice) Nyaya Bandhu, Pro Bono Club, ICFAI Law School, The ICFAI University, Tripura, in association with District Legal Services Authority West Tripura, organized a Door-to-Door Legal Aid Campaign.

About District Legal Services Authority:

  • It is formed under Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 to provide free legal aid and services to the weaker sections of this society to make sure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen because of economic or other disabilities.
  • It is a statutory body organized at the district level to provide effective monitoring of legal aid programmes and their composition.
  • Legal Services Authorities are statutory bodies that are formed or constituted in the various states of India by the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987.
  • Constitutional provision:
    • Article 39-A:Deals with the provision of providing free legal services to the citizens of India.
    • The provision applies to the citizens if they are unable to bear the expenditure of legal services. It also helps the defendant in a case by appointing a lawyer to act for him in legal aspects.
  • Composition of DLSA
    • It is a body that shall be constituted by the State Government in consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court.
    • The act provides that a District Authority requires the district judge as its chairman.
    • It shall also consist of a number of other members who have the experience and qualifications as prescribed by the State Government.
    • The members possessing such requirements may be nominated by the Government in consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court.
    • The person to be appointed shall belong to the State Judicial Service not lowers than rank than that of a Subordinate Judge or Civil Judge posted at the seat of the District Judiciary as Secretary of the District Authority.
    • The Assistant Commissioner of the concerned District acts as the Member Secretary of the District Authority.
  • The officers and other employees of the District Authority are entitled to salary and allowances and shall also be subject to such other conditions of the services as the State Government in consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court prescribes
Source : District Legal Services Authority West Tripura organizes Door-to-Door Legal Aid Campaign

4. Van Dhan Vikas Kendras
Around 120 tribal women members of the Odisha state’s Van Dhan Vikas Kendras prepare laddus, cakes, jam, toffees, pickles, squash, pakodas and biscuits using dry mahua flowers and supply them in the local market.

About Van Dhan Vikas Kendras:

  • The Ministry of Tribal Affairs and Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India (TRIFED) launched the Van Dhan scheme in 2018 to improve tribal income through the value addition of tribal products.
  • The Van Dhan Vikas Kendra Clusters provide the Van Dhan Vikas Kendras economies of scale, livelihood and market linkages, as well as entrepreneurship opportunities to Tribal forest gatherers.

Key Facts about Mahua Tree

  • It is mainly cultivated or harvested in the wild in Southern Asia for its edible flowers and oil seeds.
  • It is commonly known as madhūka, madkam, mahuwa, Butter Tree, mahua, mahwa, mohulo, Iluppai , Mee or vippa chettu.
  • It is a frost resistant species that can grow in marginal areas of dry tropical and subtropical forests up to an altitude of 1200-1800 m.
  • It can be found scattered in pastures, in crop fields in central India, and on rivers banks in semi-evergreen forests.
  • It grows well where annual rainfall is between 500 mm to 1500 mm, and where temperatures are in the range of 2-46°C.
  • It requires loamy or sandy-loam soils with good drainage and also occurs on shallow stony, clayey and calcareous soils.
Source : These Odisha tribal women earn big with mahua ladoos

5. National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) 2023
Recently, the Minister of State for Education released the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) 2023.

Key Highlights of NIRF 2023:

  • Indian Institute of Technology Madras retains its 1st position in Overall Category and Engineering.
  • Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru tops the Universities Category and stood first in Research Institutions Category.
  • IIM Ahmedabad tops in Management subject retaining its first position.
  • All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi occupies the top slot in Medical.
  • National Law School of India University, Bengaluru retains its first position. 
  • Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi takes the top slot in Agriculture and Allied Sectors.
  • Three distinct additions to the 2023 edition of India Rankings are as follows:
    • Introduction of a new subject namely Agriculture & Allied Sectors.
    • Integration of the “Innovation” ranking previously executed by the Atal Ranking of Institutions on Innovation Achievements (ARIIA) into the India Rankings to reduce the burden on institutions of providing similar data to two different agencies.
    • Expansion of scope of “Architecture” to “Architecture and Planning” to include institutions imparting courses in Urban and Town Planning.
  • With the addition of these the existing portfolio of India Rankings has increased to 13 categories and subject domains that have been ranked in India Rankings 2023.
  • It ranks Overall, University, Colleges, Research Institutions & Innovation and also 8 subject domains, namely Engineering, Management, Pharmacy, Architecture & Planning, Medical, Law, Dental Agriculture and Allied Sectors.
  • Five broad categories of parameters are identified in the NIRF: Teaching, learning and resources (TLR); research and professional practice; graduation outcome; outreach; and inclusivity and perception.
Source : Dr Rajkumar Ranjan Singh releases India Rankings 2023 in New Delhi

6.  Norovirus
Twenty-five crew members and 152 of the 2,144 passengers onboard the 2023 voyage of the Celebrity Summit recently reported norovirus symptoms.

About Norovirus:

  • It is a common and very contagious virus.
  • It causes nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
  • It is also sometimes referred to as the ‘stomach flu’ or the ‘ winter vomiting bug’.
  • People of all ages can get infected and sick with norovirus , which spreads very easily and quickly.
  • You can get norovirus illness many times in your life because there are many different types of noroviruses.
  • Transmission:
    • They commonly spread through food or water that is contaminated during preparation or through contaminated surfaces. 
    • Noroviruses can also spread through close contact with a person who has norovirus infection.
  • Symptoms:
    • The initial symptoms of norovirus are vomiting and/or diarrhoea, which show up one or two days after exposure to the virus.
    • Patients also feel nauseous, and suffer from abdominal pain, fever, headaches and body aches.
    • In extreme cases, loss of fluids could lead to dehydration.
  • Treatment:
    • No vaccines are currently available to prevent norovirus. Treatment for the infection focuses on relieving your symptoms.
    • It is important to maintain hydration in the acute phase. In extreme cases, patients have to be administered rehydration fluids intravenously.
Source : 177 sickened with norovirus on the Celebrity Summit. Gastrointestinal illness outbreaks on ships are on the rise this year.

7. Exercise Ekatha
Indian Navy divers and Marine Commandos are in the Maldives for the sixth edition of Exercise Ekatha.

About Exercise Ekatha:

  • It is an annual exercise conducted between the navies of India and Maldives.
  • Objective: To enhance interoperability in diving and special operations.

Key facts about India-Maldives relation:

  • The location of the Maldives, at the intersection of commercial sea-lanes running through the Indian Ocean, makes it strategically important for India, particularly in the light of China’s growing aggression in the region.
  • India was among the first to recognise Maldives after its independence in 1965 and to establish diplomatic relations with the country.
  • India established its mission at the level of CDA in 1972 and resident High Commissioner in 1980.
  • Maldives opened a full fledged High Commission in New Delhi in November 2004, at that time one of its only four diplomatic missions worldwide.
  • India and Maldives signed a trade agreement in 1981, which provides for export of essential commodities.
  • Since 1988, defence and security have been major areas of cooperation between India and Maldives.
  • India provides the largest number of training opportunities for Maldivian National Defence Force (MNDF), meeting around 70 per cent of their defence training requirements.
  • In 2016, the two countries also signed a comprehensive action plan to consolidate defence partnership.
  • Exercise Ekuverin: The Indian Army and the Maldives National Defence Forces have been conducting Exercise Ekuverin meaning ‘Friends’ in the Dhivehi language since 2009.
Source : Sixth edition of India-Maldives Exercise 'Ekatha' involving navies underway

8. Agra Fort
In answer to an RTI request, the Archaeological Survey of India’s (ASI) Public Information Officer stated that information on who built the Agra Fort is not available with his office.

About Agra Fort:

  • Location:
    • It is a large 16th-century fortress of red sandstone located on the banks of Yamuna River in the historic city of Agra, west-central Uttar Pradesh.
    • It is about 5 km northwest of its more famous sister monument, the Taj Mahal.
  • History:
    • It was built under the commission of Emperor Akbar in 1565.
    • It was only during the reign of Akbar’s grandson, Shah Jahan, that the site took on its current state.
    • It was the main residence of the emperors of the Mughal Dynasty till 1638, when the capital was shifted from Agra to Delhi.
    • The fort was invaded and captured by the Maratha Empire in the early 18th century. Thereafter, it changed hands between the Marathas and their foes many times.
    • After their catastrophic defeat at Third Battle of Panipat by Ahmad Shah Abdali in 1761, Marathas remained out of the region for the next decade. Finally Mahadji Shinde took the fort in 1785.
    • It was lost by the Marathas to the British during the Second Anglo-Maratha War, in 1803.
    • The fort was the site of a battle during the Indian rebellion of 1857, which caused the end of the British East India Company’s rule in India, and led to a century of direct rule of India by Britain.
  • Features:
    • The fort is crescent-shaped, with a long, nearly straight wall facing the Yamuna river on the east side.
    • The fort houses a maze of buildings, including vast underground sections.
    • The outer wall is surrounded by a wide and deep moat on three sides.
    • The Agra Fort has four main gateways- the Khizri Gate, Amar Singh Gate, Delhi Gate and Ghazni Gate.
    • Among the major attractions in the fort is Jahāngīr’s Palace (Jahāngīri Mahal), built by Akbar as a private palace for his son Jahāngir.
  • The fort complex was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1983.
Source : Who built the Agra Fort? ASI doesn't know

9. Kanha Tiger Reserve (KTR)
A 15-year-old tiger has died after being found in an injured condition near the Kanha Tiger Reserve (KTR) in Madhya Pradesh's Balaghat district.

About Kanha Tiger Reserve (KTR):

  • Kanha Tiger Reserve, also called Kanha National Park, is the largest national park of Madhya Pradesh.
  • Location:
    • It is located in the Mandla and Balaghat districts of Madhya Pradesh.
    • It is nestled in the Maikal range of Satpuras, the heart of India that forms the central Indian highlands.
  • Kanha National Park was created on 1 June 1955, and in 1973 was made the Kanha Tiger Reserve. 
  • The forest depicted in the famous novel by Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book, is thought by some to be based on jungles, including this reserve. 
  • It is also the first tiger reserve in India to officially introduce a mascot, "Bhoorsingh the Barasingha".
  • Flora:
    • The lowland forest is a mixture of sal (Shorea robusta) and other mixed forest trees interspersed with meadows. 
    • The highland forests are tropical moist dry deciduous type and of a completely different nature with bamboo on slopes (Dendrocalamus strictus). 
  • Fauna:
    • The park has a significant population of Royal Bengal Tiger, leopards, the sloth bear and Indian wild dog. 
    • The Park is respected globally for saving the Barasingha (the state animal of Madhya Pradesh) from near extinction.
Source : Tiger dies after found injured in MP's Kanha Tiger Reserve

10. Bitumen
Goa Power Minister recently said that bitumen used in road construction is a major cause of pollution.

About Bitumen:

  • It is a dense, highly viscous, petroleum-based hydrocarbon.
  • It is found in deposits such as oil sands and pitch lakes(natural bitumen) or is obtained as a residue of the distillation of crude oil. 
  • At the temperatures normally encountered in natural deposits, bitumen will not flow. In order to be moved through a pipe, it must be heated and, in some cases, diluted with a lighter oil.
  • Bitumen can deform permanently under heavy loads. Continued stress on the material can result in cracking.
  • Composition:
    • It owes its density and viscosity to its chemical composition—mainly large hydrocarbon molecules known as asphaltenes and resins, which are present in lighter oils but are highly concentrated in bitumen. 
    • In addition, bitumen frequently has a high content of metals, such as nickel and vanadium, and nonmetallic inorganic elements, such as nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. 
  • Uses:
    • Bitumen is known for its waterproofing and adhesive properties and is commonly used in the construction industry, notably for roads and highways.
    • It is commonly used to waterproof boats and other marine vessels.
    • It is also used by companies that create and manufacture roofing products.
    • It is used for sealing and insulating purposes in various building materials such as carpet tile backing and paint.
Source : Bitumen used in road construction major cause of pollution: Goa minister
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Written by NDI EDITOR

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