1. PRIVATE MEMBER’S BILL
Senior Congress leader Shashi Tharoor moved a private member’s Bill in the Lok Sabha seeking to establish permanent Benches of High Courts in State capitals.
About:
- In Kerala, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Goa, Uttarakhand, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, and Chhattisgarh, the State High Court is situated outside the capital city.
- The private member’s Bill was moved in the Lok Sabha after a gap of nearly two years.
- “Establishment of permanent benches of high courts at state capitals Bill” had been pending since 2019.
- As many as 153 private members’ Bills were introduced in the Lok Sabha on Friday, including one that sought compulsory teaching of the Bhagavad Gita in educational institutions.
Important Info :
Private Vs Government Bills
- An MP who is not a minister is a private member. While both private members and ministers take part in the lawmaking process, Bills introduced by private members are referred to as private member’s Bills and those introduced by ministers are called government Bills.
- While a government Bill can be introduced and discussed on any day, a private member’s bill can only be introduced and discussed on Fridays.
- Government Bills are backed by the government and also reflect its legislative agenda.
Source: The Hindu
2. AIR POLLUTION IN DELHI
The Supreme Court approved the measures taken by the Centre’s Air Quality Commission to create an ‘Enforcement Task Force’ and flying squads to prevent and penalise polluters in Delhi NCR.
About:
- The task force was formed on December 2. The task force has two independent members. It will meet at 6 p.m. every day. The task force will take action on behalf of the commission against violators.
- 17 flying squads were formed on Thursday and would be increased to 40 in the next 24 hours. The flying squads, which have conducted 25 surprise checks so far, would directly report to the task force
- The court directed the Centre and the Delhi Government to implement the commission’s anti-pollution measures.
- Thermal plants within a 300-km radius of Delhi would continue to be regulated. Only five of 11 plants were functional. The rest would remain closed till December 15.
Source: The Hindu
3. MGNREGA
The Centre has sought ₹25,000 crore as additional funding for the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) scheme as part of the supplementary demand for grants submitted to Parliament after the demand-driven rural jobs scheme ran out of funds midway through the year.
About:
- Continuing economic distress in rural India has led to increased demand for jobs under the scheme, which promises 100 days of unskilled work for every household at a pay of about ₹210 per day.
- With four months remaining in the financial year, MGNREGA has finished spending the ₹73,000 crore initially allocated in the budget, and its financial statement now shows a negative net balance of ₹10,244 crore, including payments due.
- Last year, with the COVID-19 pandemic forcing lockdowns and widespread unemployment, MGNREGA, with a revised budget of ₹1.1 lakh crore, acted as a lifeline for the rural economy.
- This year, the Centre seeks to transfer ₹25,000 crore to the National Employment Guarantee Fund, and the supplementary demand for grants entails an additional cash out-go of almost ₹22,039 crore for the scheme.
- “Even this amount, it is not clear when the releases will be made and when they will reach the people, who are waiting for their wages well beyond the due date. The money coming in driblets continues to starve the programme so it cannot be implemented as the law requires,” he added.
Source: The Hindu
4. TENURES OF THE DIRECTORS OF THE CBI AND ED
The government introduced two Bills in the Lok Sabha that seek to extend the tenures of the directors of the CBI and the Enforcement Directorate (ED) up to a maximum of five years.
About:
- Minister of State for Personnel and Training Dr. Jitendra Singh introduced The Central Vigilance Commission (Amendment) Bill, 2021 and the Delhi Special Police Establishment (Amendment) Bill, 2021 to replace ordinances that had been brought in the recess period.
- Opposition members said that the Bills were against the Supreme Court observations on the matter, and were being brought in to harass Opposition leaders from such agencies.
- They stating that it completely disregarded the Supreme Court’s observations that were clear in view that extensions of tenure to superannuated officials should only be done in rare cases. The government’s move was mala fide.
- They contended that both the ED and CBI were used by the government to harass Opposition leaders. They said piecemeal extensions would lead to officers’ loyalty to the government.
- Jitendra Singh, however, said the Bills were being brought in as “earlier laws never put any limit on the tenures, we are limiting it to five years.”
Source: The Hindu
5. LESSER FLORICANS
In a major discovery, the longest in-country migration route of lesser floricans, the endangered birds of the bustard group, has been tracked for the first time from Rajasthan to Maharashtra’s Ahmednagar district.
About:
- The mystery of the fast-disappearing birds may soon be resolved with the help of satellite transmitters fitted on them.
- The telemetry exercise was undertaken in the Shokaliya landscape of Ajmer district to trace the journey of lesser floricans from their breeding grounds to their places of origin, presumably in down South.
Lesser florican
- Lesser florican, taxonomically classified as Sypheotides indicus, is a small and slender bird species belonging to the bustard group, found in tall grasslands, for which Dehradun-based Wildlife Institute of India (WII) has launched a recovery programme.
- The endangered bird is observed in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and some other regions during the monsoon season, when it breeds and later disappears with its chicks to unknown places.
- The bird is listed as “critically endangered” on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened Species and its population has been identified as “decreasing”.
Source: The Hindu
6. AFGHANISTAN
As India stepped up efforts to send humanitarian aid to Afghanistan “without conditionalities”, Pakistan announced that it would allow Indian aid to pass through on Afghan trucks, dropping an earlier demand that Pakistani trucks be used.
About:
- The announcement came even as European Union (EU) special envoy on Afghanistan Tomas Niklasson was in Delhi, where he met officials of the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) and the National Security Adviser’s office.
- The EU planned to reopen a “minimal presence” in Afghanistan, sending a small number of EU international officials and security personnel in addition to the humanitarian staff present in Kabul.
- Niklasson emphasised that reopening the mission in Afghanistan would in no way imply “recognition” to the “de facto regime” of the Taliban.
- With Saudi Arabia sending back a team of 14 consular officials to Kabul this week, 10 countries are operating their embassies in Afghanistan, including Russia, Iran, China, Pakistan, Turkey, Qatar, UAE, KSA, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, although no country has recognised the Taliban regime.
- The EU plan marks the first “western” entity to reopen its mission premises in Kabul, given that the U.S. has deputed the Qatari embassy there to manage its interests.
- India has not yet decided on when and whether to staff its embassy that was closed on August 18, although discussions have been held over options at the NSCS (National Security Council Secretariat) and the MEA.
Source: The Hindu
7. CYCLONE JAWAD
Cyclone Jawad has formed in the Bay of Bengal and is expected to reach Paradip, on the Odisha coast, by Sunday with winds expected to touch 90 kmph as well as heavy rains in Odisha, West Bengal, and north Andhra Pradesh over the weekend.
About:
- The cyclone will briefly gain in strength and become a ‘severe’ cyclonic storm, but is unlikely to make a conventional landfall. It is expected to skirt the coast near Paradip and plot a trajectory towards West Bengal.
- Jawad currently lies about 650 km away from Paradip and is expected to reach the north Andhra Pradesh coast by Saturday noon.
- This cyclone is expected to be much less intense than recent ones such as Titli, and nowhere near extreme ones such as Failin, Fani, Hudhud.
Source: The Hindu
8. CHOCOLATE-BORDERED FLITTER
Chocolate-bordered Flitter, a new butterfly species has been discovered.
About:
- The new species of butterfly, now named the Chocolate-bordered Flitter, also carries the scientific name Zographetus dzonguensis, after Dzongu in north Sikkim, the place where it was discovered.
- It is a golden yellow butterfly with brown borders and spots. The physical appearance of the species differ slightly and the internal structures of the males also differ slightly.
- Its closest relatives are Zographetus pangi in Guangdong, and Zographetus hainanensis in Hainan, both in southeastern China, close to Hong Kong
- It is mentioned on the ‘Butterflies of India’ website which is maintained by the National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bengaluru.
Source: The Hindu
9. FL-2027 VARIETY OF POTATOES
Two years after PepsiCo India provoked outrage by suing nine Gujarati farmers for allegedly infringing patent rights by growing its registered potato variety, the company’s registration of the variety has been revoked by the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights’ Authority (PPV&FRA).
About:
- This judgment is a historic victory for the farmers of India. It should also prevent any other seed or food corporation from transgressing legally granted farmers’ seed freedoms in India.
- The PPV&FRA questioned the documentation produced by PepsiCo claiming it was the owner of the variety, and thus could be considered the Registered Breeder under the law.
- Several farmers have been put to hardship including the looming possibility of having to pay huge penalty on the purported infringement they were supposed to have been committing... This violates public interest,” added the order from PPV&FRA chairperson K.V. Prabhu.
- The FL-2027 variety of potatoes, used in Lays potato chips, came to the limelight in April 2019, when it became the centrepiece for a fight in the potato belt of northern Gujarat.
- The potato was grown by about 12,000 farmers with whom the company had an exclusive contract to sell seeds and buy back their produce.
- In 2016, the company registered the variety under the PPV&FR Act, 2001. Alleging that farmers who were not part of its “collaborative farming programme” were also growing and selling this variety in Gujarat, PepsiCo had filed rights infringement cases against nine farmers.
Source: The Hindu
10. GREATER TIPRALAND
Several tribal outfits in Tripura have joined hands to push their demand for a separate state for indigenous communities in the region, arguing that their “survival and existence” was at stake.
About:
- Among the political parties that have come together for the cause are TIPRA Motha (Tipraha Indigenous Progressive Regional Alliance) and IPFT (Indigenous People’s Front of Tripura), which had so far been rivals in the electoral fray.
- The parties are demanding a separate state of ‘Greater Tipraland’ for the indigenous communities of the north-eastern state.
- They want the Centre to carve out the separate state under Article 2 and 3 of the Constitution.
- Among the 19 notified Scheduled Tribes in Tripura, Tripuris (aka Tipra and Tiprasas) are the largest. According to the 2011 census, there are at least 5.92 lakh Tripuris in the state, followed by Reangs (1.88 lakh) and Jamatias (83,000).
How did the demand originate?
- Tripura was a kingdom ruled by the Manikya dynasty from the late 13th century until the signing of the Instrument of Accession with the Indian government on October 15, 1949.
- The demand mainly stems from the anxiety of the indigenous communities in connection with the change in the demographics of the state, which has reduced them to a minority. It happened due to the displacement of Bengalis from the erstwhile East Pakistan between 1947 and 1971.
Important Info :
What does the Constitution say?
- Article 2 of the Constitution deals with admission or establishment of new states. “Parliament may by law admit into the Union, or establish, new States on such terms and conditions, as it thinks fit,” it states.
- Article 3 comes into play in the case of “formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States” by the Parliament.
Source : Indian Express