With reference to the notions of ‘negative and positive liberty’ in political theory, consider the following statements.

1) Negative Liberty is a major characteristic of authoritarian societies and not found in democratic countries.

2) The idea of positive liberty usually applies to individuals considered primarily as members of given collectivities.

3) The idea and implementation of ‘negative liberty’ is absent from the constitution of India.

4) Article 32 and Article 226 in the Indian constitution are based exclusively on the notion of positive liberties.

Select the Solution using the codes below.

The Supreme Court has declared which of the following rights as part of Article 21: Right to Life and Liberty?

1) Right to free legal aid

2) Right against delayed execution

3) Right to shelter

4) Right to decent environment

5) Right to livelihood

Select the Solution using the codes below.

Which of these are constitutional provisions with regard to minorities?

1) State to endeavour to eliminate inequalities in status, facilities and opportunities’ amongst individuals and groups of people residing in different areas or engaged in different vocations

2) Right of ‘any section of the citizens’ to ‘conserve’ its ‘distinct language, script or culture

3) State to promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people

4) Restriction on denial of admission to any citizen, to any educational institution maintained or aided by the State, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, language or any of them

Select the Solution using the codes below.

Against the excesses of the executive, what is/are the remedies available to a common citizen?

1) Get the executive order declared void after a Judicial Review

2) Appeal to the High Court under Article 226 of the Constitution

Select the Solution using the codes below.

Consider the following statements.

Assertion (A): It is an Indian citizen’s fundamental duty to abide by the constitutional laws.

Reason (R): What is illegal in India cannot be a fundamental duty, and what is legal must be a fundamental duty.

In the context of the above, which of these is correct?